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MPLS Nedir?
MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) teknolojisi en basit olarak OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) 2. katmanındaki anahtarlama(switching) ve OSI 3. katmanındaki yönlendirme(routing) işlemlerinin entegre edilmesi olarak açıklanabilinir. 2. katmandaki anahtarlama işlemi yuksek hızlarda yapılabilirken 3. katmandaki yönlendirme işlemi nisbeten daha yavaş yapılabilmektedir. MPLS teknolojisi bu iki ayrı işlemi kontrollü bir şekilde entegre ederek daha hızlı ve gelişmiş hizmetler verebilen data ağları oluşturmaktadır.
MPLS'in temel mantığı yavaş yapılabilen yönlendirme işlemini ağın giriş noktalarında, gereken çıkış noktasını belirleyerek bir kez yapmak ve ağın içinde hızlı bir şekilde anahtarlama yapmaktır. Ağın giriş noktalarında yapılan yönlendirme işlemi sırasında data paketlerine atanan MPLS etiketleri ile ağ içinde bu etiketlere göre hızlı bir şekilde anahtarlama yapılması yeterli olmaktadır.
MPLSteknolojisinde tüm bölgeler kendi arasında veya merkezle ekstra işletim yükü gelmeksizin görüşebilirler, yeni bölgelerin eklenmesi yapıda kullanılan donanımların yükseltimini gerektirmez. Değişiklik yönetiminin maliyeti FRtopolojiye göre ciddi ölçüde düşüktür.
MPLS VPNyapısında uçtan uca tanım yapılması gerekmediğinden yüksek işletim yükü problemi yoktur, bu anlamda da gerçek bir esneklik sağlamaktadır.
Müşteri tarafındaki cihazların (CPE) VPNdesteği olmasına gerek yoktur (Standart IOS).
Tünelleme sözkonusu değildir, şubeler birbirleri ile direk erişebilir, bu sayede gecikme azalır, merkez bantgenişliği kullanılmamış olur.
Tamamen kapalı bir VPNyapısı olduğu için, CPE’ler internete açık değildirler.
CRTP yaplabilir, voip 12 Kb’de taşınır.
MPLS Yapılandırma

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P - Provider's core router.
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PE - Provider's edge router.
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CE - Customer's edge router.
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C - Customer's router.

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Pescara
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Current configuration:
!
version 12.2
!
hostname Pescara
!
ip cef
!
!--- Customer A commands.
ip vrf Customer_A
!--- Enables the VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) routing table. !--- This command can be used in global or !--- router configuration mode.
rd 100:110
!--- Route distinguisher creates routing and forwarding !--- tables for a VRF.
route-target export 100:1000
!--- Creates lists of import and export route-target extended !--- communities for the specified VRF.
route-target import 100:1000
!
!--- Customer B commands.
ip vrf Customer_B
rd 100:120
route-target export 100:2000
route-target import 100:2000
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.4 255.255.255.255
ip router isis
!--- Customer A commands.
interface Loopback101
ip vrf forwarding Customer_A
!--- Associates a VRF instance with an interface or subinterface.
ip address 200.0.4.1 255.255.255.0
!--- Loopback101 and 102 use the same IP address, 200.0.4.1. !--- This is allowed because they belong to two !--- different customers' VRFs.
no ip directed-broadcast
!
!--- Customer B commands.
interface Loopback102
ip vrf forwarding Customer_B
ip address 200.0.4.1 255.255.255.0
!--- Loopback101 and 102 use the same IP address, 200.0.4.1. !--- This is allowed because they belong to two !--- different customers' VRFs.
no ip directed-broadcast
!
interface Serial2/0
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
encapsulation frame-relay
no fair-queue
!
interface Serial2/0.1 point-to-point
description link to Pauillac
bandwidth 512
ip address 10.1.1.14 255.255.255.252
no ip directed-broadcast
ip router isis
tag-switching ip
frame-relay interface-dlci 401
!
router isis
net 49.0001.0000.0000.0004.00
is-type level-1
!
router bgp 100
bgp log-neighbor-changes
!--- Enables logging of BGP neighbor resets.
neighbor 10.10.10.6 remote-as 100
!--- Adds an entry to the BGP or multiprotocol BGP neighbor table.
neighbor 10.10.10.6 update-source Loopback0
!--- Enables BGP sessions to use a specific operational !--- interface for TCP connections.
!
!--- Customer A and B commands.
address-family vpnv4
!--- To enter address family configuration mode !--- for configuring routing sessions, such as BGP, !--- that use standard VPN version 4 address prefixes.
neighbor 10.10.10.6 activate
neighbor 10.10.10.6 send-community both
!--- Sends the community attribute to a BGP neighbor.
exit-address-family
!
!--- Customer B commands.
address-family ipv4 vrf Customer_B
!--- To enter address family configuration mode !--- for configuring routing sessions, such as BGP, !--- that use standard VPN version 4 address prefixes.
redistribute connected
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family
!
!--- Customer A commands.
address-family ipv4 vrf Customer_A
redistribute connected
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family
!
ip classless
!
end
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Pesaro
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Current configuration:
!
version 12.1
!
hostname Pesaro
!
!--- Customer A commands.
ip vrf Customer_A
rd 100:110
route-target export 100:1000
route-target import 100:1000
!
!--- Customer B commands.
ip vrf Customer_B
rd 100:120
route-target export 100:2000
route-target import 100:2000
!
ip cef
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.6 255.255.255.255
ip router isis
!--- Customer A commands.
interface Loopback101
ip vrf forwarding Customer_A
ip address 200.0.6.1 255.255.255.0
!
!--- Customer B commands.
interface Loopback102
ip vrf forwarding Customer_B
ip address 200.0.6.1 255.255.255.0
!
!--- Customer A commands.
interface Loopback111
ip vrf forwarding Customer_A
ip address 200.1.6.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
no ip mroute-cache
random-detect
!
interface Serial0/0.1 point-to-point
description link to Pomerol
bandwidth 512
ip address 10.1.1.22 255.255.255.252
ip router isis
tag-switching ip
frame-relay interface-dlci 603
!
router isis
net 49.0001.0000.0000.0006.00
is-type level-1
!
router bgp 100
neighbor 10.10.10.4 remote-as 100
neighbor 10.10.10.4 update-source Loopback0
!
!--- Customer B commands.
address-family ipv4 vrf Customer_B
redistribute connected
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family
!
!--- Customer A commands.
address-family ipv4 vrf Customer_A
redistribute connected
no auto-summary
no synchronization
exit-address-family
!
!--- Customer A and B commands.
address-family vpnv4
neighbor 10.10.10.4 activate
neighbor 10.10.10.4 send-community both
exit-address-family
!
ip classless
!
end
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Pomerol
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Current configuration:
!
version 12.0
!
hostname Pomerol
!
ip cef
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.3 255.255.255.255
ip router isis
!
interface Serial0/1
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
encapsulation frame-relay
random-detect
!
interface Serial0/1.1 point-to-point
description link to Pauillac
ip address 10.1.1.6 255.255.255.252
no ip directed-broadcast
ip router isis
tag-switching mtu 1520
tag-switching ip
frame-relay interface-dlci 301
!
interface Serial0/1.2 point-to-point
description link to Pulligny
ip address 10.1.1.9 255.255.255.252
no ip directed-broadcast
ip router isis
tag-switching ip
frame-relay interface-dlci 303
!
interface Serial0/1.3 point-to-point
description link to Pesaro
ip address 10.1.1.21 255.255.255.252
no ip directed-broadcast
ip router isis
tag-switching ip
frame-relay interface-dlci 306
!
router isis
net 49.0001.0000.0000.0003.00
is-type level-1
!
ip classless
!
end
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Pulligny
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Current configuration:
!
version 12.1
!
hostname Pulligny
!
!
ip cef
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface Serial0/1
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
random-detect
!
interface Serial0/1.1 point-to-point
description link to Pauillac
ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
ip router isis
tag-switching ip
frame-relay interface-dlci 201
!
interface Serial0/1.2 point-to-point
description link to Pomerol
ip address 10.1.1.10 255.255.255.252
ip router isis
tag-switching ip
frame-relay interface-dlci 203
!
router isis
passive-interface Loopback0
net 49.0001.0000.0000.0002.00
is-type level-1
!
ip classless
!
end
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Pauillac
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!
version 12.1
!
hostname pauillac
!
ip cef
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.255
ip router isis
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
no ip mroute-cache
tag-switching ip
no fair-queue
!
interface Serial0/0.1 point-to-point
description link to Pomerol
bandwith 512
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
ip router isis
tag-switching ip
frame-relay interface-dlci 102
!
interface Serial0/0.2 point-to-point
description link to Pulligny ip address 10.1.1.5 255.255.255.252
ip router isis
tag-switching ip
frame-relay interface-dlci 103
!
interface Serial0/0.3 point-to-point
description link to Pescara
bandwidth 512
ip address 10.1.1.13 255.255.255.252
ip router isis
tag-switching ip
frame-relay interface-dlci 104
!
router isis
net 49.0001.0000.0000.0001.00
is-type level-1
!
ip classless
!
end
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Pescara#show ip vrf
Name Default RD Interfaces
Customer_A 100:110 Loopback101
Customer_B 100:120 Loopback102
Pesaro#show ip vrf interfaces
Interface IP-Address VRF Protocol
Loopback101 200.0.6.1 Customer_A up
Loopback111 200.1.6.1 Customer_A up
Loopback102 200.0.6.1 Customer_B up
Pescara#show ip route vrf Customer_A
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 200.0.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback101
B 200.0.6.0/24 [200/0] via 10.10.10.6, 05:10:11
B 200.1.6.0/24 [200/0] via 10.10.10.6, 04:48:11
Pescara#show ip route vrf Customer_B
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 200.0.4.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback102
B 200.0.6.0/24 [200/0] via 10.10.10.6, 00:03:24
Pescara#traceroute vrf Customer_A 200.0.6.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 200.0.6.1
1 10.1.1.13 [MPLS: Labels 20/26 Exp 0] 400 msec 276 msec 264 msec
2 10.1.1.6 [MPLS: Labels 18/26 Exp 0] 224 msec 460 msec 344 msec
3 200.0.6.1 108 msec * 100 msec
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